岩溶塌陷监测内容及方法概述   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李海涛  陈邦松  杨雪  胡伏生  房浩 《工程地质学报》2015,23(1):126-134

岩溶塌陷是影响和制约岩溶地区社会、经济发展的主要环境地质问题之一,在我国也不例外.岩溶塌陷监测是岩溶塌陷地质灾害防治中重要内容之一.通过岩溶塌陷监测,可以掌握溶洞随时间的发展变化过程,包括大小、位置、应力强度等,进而为岩溶塌陷预测提供基础数据支撑,避免造成人员和财产损失.本文系统地介绍了目前国内外针对岩溶塌陷问题开展的主要监测工作.从岩溶塌陷的分布规律和形成的3大条件出发,总结出岩溶塌陷监测的内容和相对应的监测技术、方法和手段,为系统性地开展岩溶塌陷监测工作提供技术和方法参考,为更深入地研究岩溶塌陷机理等提供基础支撑.最后,文章指出未来岩溶塌陷监测工作的重点是新兴技术手段和传统监测方法相结合,互补优劣.  相似文献   

祁连山新生代古海拔变化的碳氧同位素记录     

戚帮申  胡道功  杨肖肖  张绪教  赵希涛 《地球学报》2015,36(3):323-332

祁连山构成青藏高原的北东边界,是研究青藏高原的隆升与向内陆扩展的关键区域,利用新生代湖相沉积的碳氧同位素组成估算祁连山古海拔对认识青藏高原的隆升有重要意义。在中祁连陆块不同地点出露的始新统、渐新统、中新统和中晚更新统分别取样并进行碳氧同位素分析,估算相应地质时期的古年均温和古海拔高度。结果表明,祁连山地区古近纪的海拔约为2711 m,中新世早期的海拔为2848 m左右,中新世中晚期祁连山海拔达到约3586 m,中晚更新世祁连山的古海拔约为3790~3890 m。古近纪祁连山的海拔较低,但已经构成了青藏高原的东北边界;中新世中晚期祁连山强烈隆升,形成了盆-山构造地貌格局;第四纪祁连山地壳重新活跃并呈阶段性快速隆升,河流堆积和侵蚀交替进行。根据碳氧同位素估算的祁连山古海拔高度变化为认识青藏高原隆升的过程提供参考。  相似文献   

新一轮就矿找矿     

董和金 《地球学报》2015,36(2):141-150

本文简要回顾了二十世纪五、六十年代就矿找矿的历史,进而提出新一轮的就矿找矿。相比之下,新一轮就矿找矿具有新的特点。深部找矿实则是一种就矿找矿,地壳连续成矿理论、深部流体(成矿)作用理论、成矿台阶理论都为新一轮就矿找矿提供了理论依据。深部找矿在国内外初显成效,湘中地区亦有很多成功案例。本文从3个方面总结了深部找矿的一些经验标志,即矿种及矿种组合系列标志、花岗岩成矿专属性标志、幔源成因矿床的鉴别标志。此外,辨别成矿流体的深(幔)源标志、加强成矿规律研究、更新观念、引进新技术新方法,都是实际深部找矿工作中需要注意的。  相似文献   

凉山瓦西乡南红玉中的赤铁矿包裹体特征与成因     

张良钜  宋楚欣  阮青锋  曾伟来  李东升  曾南石  胡惠驿  覃敏锋 《岩石矿物学杂志》2015,34(2):237-245

瓦西乡产出的南红玉中的红色点状及火焰纹典型包裹体分别是石英中的红色球粒与红色管状包裹体。鏡下及扫描电镜(SEM)研究,红色球粒分布在"三色"层水晶的菱面体单形晶面的间歇层面中,由红色核、黑色壳和红色表层组成;火焰纹管状包裹体主要出现在条带水晶中,管的方向垂直水晶的菱面体晶面,管的内壁呈黑色,外壳为红色。其球粒表层或管外壳的颜色、厚度及透光性则直接影响南红的颜色质量与润泽性。研究表明,球粒状和火焰状包裹体主要由片状、鳞片状或板片状赤铁矿组成;球粒圈层中的赤铁矿晶体c轴取向呈规律变化,可能与其V2O5含量有关。据水晶晶体中的球粒、管及共生矿物绿帘石、黄铜矿包裹体的红外光谱(IR)及流体包裹体均一法测温与激光拉曼(LRS)分析,球或管的赤铁矿属含有机质的低温热液(约160℃)成因,成矿溶液中的有机质也是促使铁氧化物凝聚形成具不同圈层结构的红色球粒与管的主要原因。有机质可能来自下二叠统茅口组碳酸盐。  相似文献   

物探在甘肃省宕昌县代家庄铅锌矿找矿中的作用和效果   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

金洪文  李百祥  蒙轸  华天月 《物探与化探》2015,(1):41-47

对代家庄铅锌矿地物化综合勘查中物探在不同找矿阶段所起作用和效果进行了再认识。首先利用区域重磁场特征划分东、西秦岭的分界,揭示出东、西秦岭不同的地质构造背景和控矿的差异性;激电测量借助探测目标物的物性差异普详查起到间接找矿作用;据高精度磁测弱异常差异,探讨了成岩成矿的氧化还原环境;利用可控源音频大地电磁测深,在探采阶段,由已知含矿部位向外围进行定位预测指导采矿。  相似文献   

A Preliminary Review of Metallogenic Regularity of Silver Deposits in China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

JIANG Biao  ZHANG Daquan  WANG Denghong  WANG Chenghui  CHEN Yuchuan  BAI Ge 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(3):1002-1020

China has widely distributed silver deposits,and is rich in silver resources.Although silver deposits are mainly associated with Pb-Zn deposits,a number of independent silver deposits have also been discovered in recent years.Silver deposits include different types,such as submarine volcanism and continental volcanism related type,intrusion related type,and sedimentary related type.This study summarized the metallogenic regularity of China’s silver deposits systematically based mainly on the data from 490 silver deposits.It is shown that submarine volcanic sedimentary type,continental volcanic or sub-volcanic type,skarn type,hydrothermal type(including vein type and stratabound type),sedimentary metamorphic type,sedimentary type and regolith type should be regarded as the most important prediction types of silver deposit.A total of 32 silver mineralization belts and 111 silver concentration areas have been delineated.The map of "Spatial distribution of silver mineralization belts in China" and other series of maps finished in this study may provide a theoretical basis for the evaluation and prognosis of silver resources potential in China.  相似文献   

Characterization of Galena and Vein Paragenesis in the Penjom Gold Mine, Malaysia: Trace Elements, Lead Isotope Study and Relationship to Gold Mineralization Episodes     

Zakaria ENDUT  NG Tham Fatt  Jasmi Hafiz ABDUL AZIZ  Sebastien MEFFRE  Charles MAKOUNDI 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(6):1914-1925

The Penjom Gold Mine is located 30 km from the Bentong-Raub Suture at the western boundary of the Central Belt in Peninsular Malaysia. Gold mineralization hosted within the vein system is associated with pyrite, arsenopyrite, and minor base metals including galena. Trace element and lead isotope analysis was undertaken on nine samples that represent two stages of galena formed during two tectonic events. Both the Pb isotopes and the trace elements show that the first stage galena within the mineralized areas at the footwall has different geochemical characteristics compared with galena in non mineralized areas in the hanging wall, suggesting that galena crystallized from two different ore fluids and probably at two different times. Higher Te, Se and Bi in the galena from the mineralized area may indicate hydrothermal fluids that migrate through the structural conduit and leached out the metal along the pathway that consist of dominant carbonaceous unit. The Pb isotopic ratio composition are transitional between the bulk crustal growth and an upper crustal growth curve, indicating that derivation was from arc rocks associated with continental crust or a crustal source that includes arc volcanic and old continental sedimentary rocks.  相似文献   

Advances and Overview of the Study on Paleo-earthquake Events: A Review of Seismites     

HE Bizhu  QIAO Xiufu 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(5):1702-1746

The distribution and formation mechanisms of typical identified seismites are analyzed based on various factors from plate tectonic positions, types of sedimentary basins and properties of seismogenic faults to focal mechanisms. Especially, structural styles, reserved positions, activity times, formation mechanisms and dynamics of soft-sediment deformation structures triggered by seismic activity are systematically analyzed. According to the genetic types of seismites, we propose 5 categories, including liquefied deformation, thixotropic deformation, hydroplastic deformation, superimposed gravity driving deformation and brittle deformation. Further, based on the main genetic types, composition of sediments and deformation styles, we draw up 35 secondary classifications. To determine paleo-seismic sequences in different times, activities of seismogenic faults, high-resolution tectonic events in one main tectonic movement and paleo-tectonic settings, and to understand the inducing mechanisms of paleo-earthquakes and ecologic environment evolution, researching on seismites are of great significance. Combing multiple approaches to identify the paleoearthquake records, simulating experiments on various soft-sediment deformation structures triggered by different magnitudes of shocking, dating precisely on paleo-seismic events, impacting on paleogeography and biological environment and on energy and resources domain are the frontiers of paleoseismic research.  相似文献   

皖南地区天井山金矿的矿化时空结构及矿体定位规律          下载免费PDF全文

陈昌明  曾令高  张均 《地质找矿论丛》2015,30(2):199-207

天井山金矿的矿化类型有石英脉型、蚀变岩型和千糜岩型,构成复合金矿化体系,各矿化类型的成因及时空配置具有密切的内在成生联系,组合产出特征明显。主成矿期成矿演化可以划分为微量金-石英阶段、金-单硫化物-石英阶段、金-多金属硫化物-石英阶段和微量金-萤石-方解石-石英阶段。矿体主要赋存于接触带构造及其附近,呈脉状、透镜状,膨大狭缩、尖灭再现、舒缓波状产出特征明显;断裂产状变化处及裂隙发育地段易于形成厚大富矿体,矿化发育程度与基性岩脉空间关系密切。矿体总体走向NE,具有浅部NW倾向、NE向侧伏,深部SE倾向、SW向侧伏的定位规律。其空间定位产出样式可分为外接触带型、接触带型和内接触带型。  相似文献   

AMT勘查贵州铁(稀土)多金属矿效果分析     

张西君  杨胜发  张海  李家斌 《物探化探计算技术》2015,(1)

贵州铁(稀土)多金属矿资源储量丰厚,但是因其赋存条件的特殊性,勘查具有一定的挑战性,在此开展铁(稀土)多金属矿的物探方法试验研究,对今后勘查工作具有重要的指导意义。这里简要介绍了AMT(音频大地电磁法)工作方法以及贵州威宁秋木构工区的地质和地球物理特征,重点讨论了AMT在秋木构工区铁(稀土)多金属矿勘查中的应用效果,通过对电阻率断面图的综合推断解释,划分出了二叠系宣威组与峨嵋山玄武岩组地层界面,圈出了含矿有利部位。经钻孔验证,取得了良好的找矿效果。  相似文献